Recover Completo de um Backup Consistente
Hoje apresentarei uma recuperação de um backup consistente usando o RMAN.
Para esse pequeno teste, usei um banco oracle XE versão 11g Release 2. Esse banco não está com ARCHIVELOG ativo (NOARCHIVELOG).
Primeiro vou explicar o que é um backup consistente e um backup inconsistente de um banco de dados.
Backup Consistente
Um backup consistente é um backup efetuado com o banco de dados em estado NOMOUNT; também conhecido como “Backup Frio” ou “Cold Backup”; pode-se ouvir também: “com o banco baixado”.
Em suma, é um backup executado com o conjunto de RELOG fechado, sem executar alterações durante todo o processo de backup.
Backup Inconsistente
Um backup inconsistente é um backup efetuado com o banco de dados em estado OPEN; também conhecido como “Backup Quente” ou “Hot Backup”; pode-se ouvir também: “com o banco aberto”.
Em suma, é um backup executado com o conjunto de REDOLOG aberto, executando alterações durante o processo de backup.
Verificando se o ARCHIVELOG está ativo
[oracle@host0916 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Dec 3 18:09:10 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL>
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 1
Current log sequence 2
SQL>
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
Baixando o banco e executando um backup completo
[oracle@host0916 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 18:09:25 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: XE (DBID=2682118025)
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup mount
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2227080 bytes
Variable Size 289408120 bytes
Database Buffers 121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers 4276224 bytes
RMAN> backup database;
Starting backup at 03-DEC-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/sysaux.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/system.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/undotbs1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctddzor_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T181125 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:46
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 03-DEC-12
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctdgj5f_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T181125 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
Nesse momento, o banco foi apagado, incluindo o spfile
Iniciando o banco de dados para recuperação
[oracle@bambu ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon Dec 3 18:58:21 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database (not started)
RMAN> startup nomount;
startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/dbs/initXE.ora'
starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 158662656 bytes
Fixed Size 2224592 bytes
Variable Size 92278320 bytes
Database Buffers 58720256 bytes
Redo Buffers 5439488 bytes
RMAN>
Efetuando o restore do SPFILE
RMAN> set dbid 2682118025
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN>
RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctdgj5f_.bkp';
Starting restore at 03-DEC-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctdgj5f_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup nomount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 417546240 bytes
Fixed Size 2227080 bytes
Variable Size 289408120 bytes
Database Buffers 121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers 4276224 bytes
RMAN>
Efetuando o restore do CONTROLFILE
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctdgj5f_.bkp';
Starting restore at 03-DEC-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/control.dbf
Finished restore at 03-DEC-12
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN>
Efetuando o restore do banco de dados
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 03-DEC-12
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 03-DEC-12
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 1 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 03-DEC-12
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 03-DEC-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 03-DEC-12
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20121203T181251_8ctdhok3_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctdgj5f_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnsnf_TAG20121203T181258_8ctdhv1c_.bkp
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/system.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/sysaux.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/undotbs1.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/XE/users.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctddzor_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/XE/backupset/2012_12_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20121203T181125_8ctddzor_.bkp tag=TAG20121203T181125
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:46
Finished restore at 03-DEC-12
RMAN>
Abrindo o banco de dados para uso
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
Confirmando se o banco de dados está OPEN
[oracle@host0916 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Dec 3 18:15:40 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
[oracle@host0916 ~]$
Como demonstrado, uma recuperação completa de um backup consistente é simples e funcional.
